Mechanism

Accounts for a known label-noise rate ε∈(0,0.5)\varepsilon \in (0, 0.5) in human/AI preference annotations by applying label smoothing directly to the DPO cross-entropy objective: LcDPO(θ)=−(1−ε)log⁡σ(Δθ)−εlog⁡σ(−Δθ)\mathcal{L}_{\text{cDPO}}(\theta) = -(1-\varepsilon)\log \sigma(\Delta_\theta) - \varepsilon \log \sigma(-\Delta_\theta)